Berm and Hard shoulder

Berm noun - A narrow ledge or shelf typically at the top or bottom of a slope.

Hard shoulder and berm are semantically related. In some cases you can replace phrase "Hard shoulder" with "Berm", this terms are similar.

Hard shoulder noun - A paved strip beside a motorway (for stopping in emergencies).

Berm and hard shoulder are semantically related. You can use "Berm" instead a noun phrase "Hard shoulder".