By and To

By adverb - At, within, or to a short distance or time.

To and by are semantically related in toward topic. In some cases you can use "To" instead a preposition "By", when it comes to topics like on, over, via, per.

To preposition - Earlier than.

By and to are semantically related in toward topic. You can use "By" instead a preposition "To", if it concerns topics such as on, over, via, per.